Month: October 2024

Living with Metastatic Breast Cancer Means the Pandemic Isn’t ‘Over’ for Me


As told to Jacquelyne Froeber

October is Breast Cancer Awareness Month.

I was in the produce aisle of the Winn-Dixie when a grown man coughed on me. Loudly.

I froze — a ripened tomato in my hand. I felt the weight of it and noted the subtle spray of the cough on its bright red skin.

This was no accident. I’d seen that man moments earlier change direction and make a beeline for me. As I stood there seething, I reminded myself to breathe. Sadly, this wasn’t the first time a random person saw me wearing a mask in public and coughed in my direction. But that didn’t mean I knew how to act when it happened.

In my fantasy, I take the tomato and throw it at him. As he turns, I tell him I have breast cancer and a compromised immune system. I watch his maskless face fall. “Metastatic breast cancer!” I add. And then I scoff. As if he knows what that means.

But the moment had passed. I took the spitty tomato up to the counter and told them to throw it away. “You don’t want anyone to take that home,” I said.

I was diagnosed with breast cancer in December 2019. I found the lump myself and like anyone in that position, I’d hoped I caught it early. My oncologist and surgeon said I did — the cancer was stage 2 and slow-growing. They recommended I have a double mastectomy to remove the tumors — and all my breast tissue — and put this whole thing behind me. Even better: I wouldn’t need chemotherapy or radiation.

Unfortunately, my bones were keeping a secret from me. The lymph nodes that were removed during the surgery showed that the cancer was more aggressive than previously thought. Follow-up scans confirmed the worst: The breast cancer had moved to my bones. There were lesions on my spine and hip. I didn’t have stage 2 breast cancer. I had stage 4.

When they told me the news, I instinctively put my hands on my stomach. I felt like I had been sucker punched. I struggled to breathe — stunned by the betrayal coming from inside my own body. And then my brain pretty much went on autopilot because, well, there’s not much you can do when you’re recovering from a double mastectomy and preparing for the unknown.

By March 2020, I was still healing but moving forward with my new treatment plan that included a lot of needles and pills and tests and scans for the foreseeable future. My family, especially my sister, helped me schedule all the things and lifted me up when I was down.

Then Covid hit and the whole world shut down.

My first thought: Who gets diagnosed with terminal cancer during a pandemic? I would have laughed if it weren’t so ridiculous. And utterly terrifying. Suddenly I was quarantined, alone and on the list of high-risk people up next to die from a virus none of us could see and had never seen before.

The irony was that I still had to go to the hospital for treatment, which meant I could be exposed to the virus at any time.

I’d started holding my breath for as long as I could under my mask, hoping every little bit helped against the invisible threat lurking inside the very place that was keeping me alive.

Still masking in public, 2024Still masking in public, 2024

But in October, yet again, I discovered the threat was coming from inside the house. I was diagnosed with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma on the bottom of my foot. Of all places! And it was a rare type of lymphoma. My first thought: Who gets diagnosed with two cancers during a pandemic?

The lymphoma really solidified how spectacularly crappy my immune system is. My white blood cells — the ones that help fight infection — were low because of treatment, but looking back, I’d always had a hard time getting over an illness or healing from a wound. I once had poison ivy for six weeks. I didn’t want to think about what would happen if I got Covid.

So, when the restrictions were lifted and the pandemic was “over,” I kept living my new normal as if nothing changed. I avoided crowded areas. I wore my mask in public. And I got the vaccine as soon as I could. Even though it doesn’t fight infection entirely, every bit helps.

My life today is pretty much the same as it was at the height of the pandemic. My trips out in the world have a mission-like precision: Mask up, get in, get out, exhale. I avoid doing things indoors as much as possible and, unfortunately, that means missing out on a lot of events and opportunities. And I know there are people who think my response is an overreaction.

I’ve also had to learn that there’s a tipping point where people are only going to accommodate your needs for so long — if at all. “There are just … so many of us. And so few of you,” someone said to me, wearily. I’m so sorry to tell you that this just isn’t true. About 7 million people in the United States are immunocompromised and a lot of us are still trying our best not to get deathly ill from Covid.

So I still wear my N95s. I avoid crowded indoor spaces. I watch the surges come and go. I’ve watched some people fade out of my life and others advocate for me with fierce kindness. I’ve also gotten to know the pleasure of my own company very well, and I have to say: If you don’t have the patience to make room for me, you are really missing out. (I’m kind of hilarious.)

I understand that Covid isn’t even a thought for some people anymore, but it’s still a very real threat to me. Because I’m immunocompromised, there’s no telling how sick it could make me. And, I no longer trust my body to protect me because it’s failed me in such a spectacular way. So I have to do everything I can to not get seriously sick — or even die.

But there are days when I wonder if maybe I am being ridiculous. Maybe I should go to that indoor concert or into the grocery store without my mask. But then I remind myself that I’m living with two cancers and I’ve been through a pandemic. I don’t know what the future will bring, but I’ve made it this far by trusting my gut. I’m not going to stop now.

Have a Real Women, Real Stories of your own you want to share? Let us know.

Our Real Women, Real Stories are the authentic experiences of real-life women. The views, opinions and experiences shared in these stories are not endorsed by HealthyWomen and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of HealthyWomen.

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How To Get Weed Out Of Your System: Effective Natural Ways


Learning how to get weed out of your system can feel urgent, especially if you’re preparing for a drug test or want to cleanse for personal reasons. A recent study shows that about 50% of US employers conduct drug tests, which can make anyone who uses cannabis think twice. So, understanding how to remove traces of weed, including tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) naturally and safely is key to overall health.

Whether you’re a casual or daily user, here’s everything you need to know to clear it out safely. We’ll cover realistic timelines, common myths, and proven methods to help you get clean, from saliva tests, which can detect THC for up to a week in frequent users, to hair tests, where traces may linger for up to 90 days. Blood tests and urine samples are also commonly used, each with unique detection timelines and impacts based on metabolism rate, body fat, and frequency of use.

How to Get Weed Out of Your System?

The best way to remove weed from your system is through natural methods such as:-

1. Staying hydrated

2. Exercising consistently

3. Eating a balanced diet, and

4. Allowing time to pass on its own

These are safe ways to support your body’s cleansing process. Avoid any extreme or quick-fix detox methods, as these often don’t work and can harm your health.

How Long Does It Take for Weed to Get Out of Your System?

One big question is: how long does weed take to get out of your system? The answer depends on how often you use it, your body type, and your metabolism rate. Here’s a breakdown:

  1. One-Time or Rare Users – If you’ve used weed once or twice, it might leave your system in about 3 to 5 days.

  2. Moderate Users – If you smoke or consume it weekly, expect about 10 days for a full cleanse.

  3. Frequent Users – For daily or heavy users, THC can stay in your system for 30 days or more.

  4. Body Type – People with higher body fat may take longer because THC stores in fat cells.

  5. Metabolism Speed – Fast metabolism can speed up THC removal, while slower metabolism takes longer.

Each person has a unique detox timeline. Even friends who use the same amount of weed could have different detox times. Remember, it all depends on how your body handles THC.

How Does THC Affect the Body?

To get weed out of your system, it helps to understand how THC, the active ingredient, works in your body. THC attaches to fat cells and, consequently, stays there longer than many other substances. When cannabis is used, THC first enters your bloodstream, where it then binds to fat cells and slowly exits through the natural detox process, affecting saliva tests, urine samples, and even blood tests depending on your body’s fat stores and metabolism rate.

This binding process explains why weed lingers in the body longer than other substances like alcohol, making detoxing a gradual process. Treatment centers often advise patients to make lifestyle changes that can assist in this natural detox, which may include exercises like cardio to burn fat cells, along with adequate hydration and a clean diet.

Safe Methods to Help Detox THC

Wondering How to Get Weed Out of Your System Naturally? Well, here are the safe, natural ways to lower THC levels without harming your health:

  • Hydration: Drinking water supports the body’s natural detox process, but it won’t flush THC out instantly.

  • Exercise: Since THC is stored in fat cells, burning fat through cardio or weight training can gradually reduce THC.

  • Healthy Eating: High-fiber foods, like vegetables and whole grains, support your body’s digestion and toxin elimination.

  • Sleep: Good rest is vital since the body naturally detoxes during sleep.

  • Time: Ultimately, the longer you wait, the more THC leaves your system, making this the most reliable detox method.

  • Epsom Salt Baths: Warm baths with Epsom salt can help relax muscles and promote sweating, which aids in cleansing.

Together, each of these methods supports your body naturally, and when combined, they work even better. Above all, avoid any “quick fix” methods that claim instant detox, as these can be unsafe or ineffective.

Also Read: 8 Ways To How To Detox Your Body Naturally

What Works vs. What Doesn’t: A Quick Table

With so many myths out there, here’s a simple table to show what actually works and what doesn’t:









Method

Works?

Description

Hydration

Yes

Supports natural detox but doesn’t provide instant results.

Detox Kits & Pills

No

Often unsafe with little evidence to support effectiveness.

Exercise

Yes

Helps reduce fat stores, which can slowly decrease THC levels.

Extreme Fasting

No

Could harm your health without actually speeding up detoxification.

Time

Yes

The most effective way to naturally reduce THC levels.

Stick with methods that help naturally. Your body needs support, not shortcuts.

How Much Water Do You Need to Get Weed Out of Your System?

When wondering how much water to get weed out of your system, don’t go overboard. Drinking too much water can harm your health. Here’s a simple guide:

  • Drink 8-10 glasses a day: This amount keeps you hydrated without overdoing it.

  • Sip steadily: Drinking steadily through the day is more effective than gulping large amounts at once.

  • Listen to your body: If you feel hydrated, you’re likely drinking enough water.

Water doesn’t flush THC out instantly, but it supports your body’s natural cleansing process.

How Many Days Does It Take to Get Weed Out of Your System?

A common question is, “How many days does it take to get weed out of your system?” To begin with, here’s a quick rundown based on usage:

  • One-Time Users: About 3 to 5 days.

  • Moderate Users: Usually 7 to 10 days.

  • Daily Users: Often up to 30 days or more.

However, different people may have different results. In general, the more frequently you use weed, the longer it can ultimately take to fully clear it out of your body.

How to Get Weed Out of Your System While Pregnant?

For those asking, how to get weed out of your system while pregnant, caution is essential. Here are safe steps to support a natural cleanse:

  • Avoid Detox Products: Detox kits or pills may pose risks to you and your baby.

  • Stay Hydrated: Water is safe and helps naturally cleanse your system.

  • Eat Nutritious Meals: Avoid dieting or fasting and focus on balanced, healthy foods.

  • Consult Your Doctor: For the safest approach, talk with a healthcare provider.

During pregnancy, avoid experimenting with detox products. Focus on gentle, natural methods instead.

Treatment Options for Marijuana Addiction

For individuals struggling with marijuana addiction, it’s essential to recognize that professional treatment centers can provide valuable support. Treatment options may include counseling, therapy, and medically supervised detox methods designed to manage both short- and long-term side effects, helping users pass a drug test and avoid marijuana’s long-lasting impact on health.

Final Thoughts 

If you want to know how to get weed out of your system, then stick to safe, natural methods. Patience, healthy habits, and time are your best tools. While detox products might promise faster results, they don’t guarantee success and can sometimes be harmful. Therefore, hydrate, eat well, stay active, and prioritize quality sleep to support your body’s natural cleanse. Finally, if you’re ever in doubt, consult a healthcare provider to guide you through the detox process safely.

Also Read: Does Certo Work for Urine Tests? The Ultimate 2024 Guide

Frequently Asked Questions

How is weed removed from the body?

Your body gradually eliminates it through urine, sweat, and bowel movements.

How long does weed stay in your body saliva test?

For occasional users, weed is detectable in saliva for about 1 to 3 days. For frequent users, it can stay for up to a week.

Can you detox your body from weed?

Yes, detoxing from weed is possible.

How long does it take to recover from too much weed?

Recovery time varies, but effects wear off in a few hours. High doses may require 24 hours to feel normal again.

How long does weed paranoia last?

Weed paranoia usually fades in a few hours. However, for some, it can feel longer. Staying hydrated and calm helps manage symptoms.

How to get weed out of your system fast?

No instant solution exists. However, staying hydrated, eating healthily, and exercising can support quicker cleansing.

How to get weed out of your system for a drug test?

To prepare, start detoxing early with natural methods. Avoid “quick-fix” products, as they may not work and could harm your health.



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Understanding CyberKnife Treatment: Benefits And Procedure





  • The CyberKnife system uses real-time image guidance technology that operates similarly to cruise missile technology, delivering high doses of radiation with pinpoint accuracy to tumors, minimizing damage to healthy tissues.

  • Unlike traditional radiation therapy, CyberKnife doesn’t require invasive head or body frames to immobilize patients, making the procedure more comfortable while still offering sub-millimeter accuracy in targeting tumors. 

When it comes to advanced cancer treatments, many hospitals in India offer groundbreaking technologies that provide new hope for patients. One such innovation is CyberKnife therapy, an advanced form of radiation treatment specifically designed to target tumors non-invasively. If you’re looking for high-quality CyberKnife treatment for cancer in India, especially in Bangalore, then HCG Hospital stands out as a prominent option.

The CyberKnife treatment procedure at HCG Hospital offers precise, focused radiation without surgery, making it ideal for patients worldwide seeking advanced care. But what exactly is CyberKnife treatment for cancer, and why is it gaining popularity? Let’s explore how this procedure works, its benefits, and the factors contributing to the CyberKnife treatment cost in India.

What Is HCG Hospital Bangalore Known For?

This cancer care center in Bangalore is one of the most recognized in India, especially for its expertise in oncology. 

Founded in 1989 by Dr. BS Ajaikumar, a leader in the field of cancer treatment, the center has expanded to over 20 locations across India, with several in Bangalore. 

The hospital provides cutting-edge cancer management technology and is known for its advanced research and treatment options. Its primary mission is to offer affordable and effective care to cancer patients.

Treatments Offered at the Center

This cancer care center in Bangalore offers a wide range of treatments, including CyberKnife radiation treatment, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and robotic surgery.

What sets this center apart is its focus on personalized treatment plans. Each patient receives care tailored to their specific cancer type and stage, contributing to its reputation as a leader in cancer treatment.

The center offers:

  • Chemotherapy: A common treatment for various types of cancer.

  • Radiation Therapy: Often used in conjunction with surgery or chemotherapy.

  • Immunotherapy: A treatment that helps the immune system combat cancer.

  • Robotic Surgery: A minimally invasive procedure using robotic technology for precision.

  • CyberKnife Treatment: A non-invasive, robotic radiation therapy that precisely targets tumors while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue. 

What is CyberKnife Treatment?

CyberKnife treatment is a painless method of radiation therapy. It has a robotic system that can focus the tumor with great precision. In other forms of radiation, a patient has to undergo surgery, which involves operations, cuts, or incisions.

In addition, it spares more healthy tissue as it is more accurate. 

CyberKnife Treatment Procedure 

The CyberKnife therapy procedure is used for various types of cancer, such as those in the brain, spine, lungs, liver, and prostate. This advanced technology provides a non-invasive way to treat tumors. Here’s how the process works:

First, your doctor will do a thorough check-up using imaging tests like MRI or CT scans. This helps to see the tumor’s size and location. Based on these images, the doctor will create a treatment plan tailored to you.

During the treatment, you will lie down on a table. A robotic system will then deliver precise radiation beams directly to the tumor. Each session can last anywhere from 30 minutes to two hours, depending on the tumor’s specifics.

Typically, patients need between one and five sessions. The exact number depends on the type and complexity of the treated cancer.

Because CyberKnife is non-invasive and involves no cuts or surgery, recovery time is very short. Most people can go back to their normal activities right after the treatment.

CyberKnife Treatment Cost

One of the most common questions is about the cost. The CyberKnife treatment cost in Bangalore starts from Rs. 3,10,800. The cost can vary based on the type of cancer and the number of sessions required. However, compared to other advanced treatments, it remains a cost-effective option, especially considering the non-invasive nature and fewer sessions needed.

Let’s break down the key factors that influence the cost:









Factor

Impact on Cost

Type of Cancer

Some cancers may need more sessions.

Number of Sessions

The more sessions, the higher the cost.

Complexity of Treatment

Complex cases may increase cost.

Imaging and Scans Required

Pre-treatment scans add to the overall cost.

Follow-up Care

Post-treatment care may also affect the price.

Benefits of CyberKnife Treatment

Choosing CyberKnife treatment offers multiple benefits, such as:

  • Non-invasive: No surgery is required, reducing recovery time and minimizing the risk of infection.

  • Precision: The technology allows for pinpoint accuracy, targeting tumors while preserving surrounding healthy tissues.

  • Fewer Sessions: Patients often need fewer sessions compared to traditional radiation therapy.

  • Minimal Side Effects: With its targeted approach, CyberKnife causes fewer side effects than conventional treatments.

  • Painless and Comfortable: The treatment is painless, and most patients find it comfortable, as there’s no need for anesthesia or invasive procedures.

  • Treatment of Inoperable Tumors: CyberKnife is often used for tumors that cannot be treated through surgery, providing a vital option for patients with complex cases.

How CyberKnife Is Making a Difference in Cancer Treatment

CyberKnife is changing the way cancer is treated by offering a non-invasive and highly precise method to target tumors. Unlike traditional surgery, which requires cuts and can lead to long recovery times, CyberKnife uses advanced robotic technology to send focused radiation directly to the tumor. This makes it especially helpful for treating tumors in hard-to-reach areas, like the brain, spine, lungs, liver, and prostate, where surgery might be too risky.

One of the biggest advantages of CyberKnife is its accuracy. The system tracks the tumor’s movement in real-time, even as the patient breathes. This means that the radiation beams are constantly adjusted to target the tumor without harming the healthy tissue around it. As a result, fewer treatment sessions are needed compared to traditional radiation therapy. Most patients only need one to five sessions, and each session is painless and lasts between 30 minutes to two hours.

Because CyberKnife treatment is non-invasive, patients experience fewer side effects and can return to their normal activities much faster. There’s no need for surgery or anesthesia, and recovery time is minimal. For patients with tumors that cannot be removed by surgery, CyberKnife radiation therapy provides a safe and effective treatment option, offering new hope in cancer care.

Final Thoughts 

CyberKnife treatment is truly making a difference in the treatment of cancer by providing a non-invasive, precise, and effective solution for patients. Unlike traditional surgery or radiation, CyberKnife targets tumors with great accuracy, sparing surrounding healthy tissue and reducing the risk of side effects. 

With its ability to treat even the most complex cases, CyberKnife offers new hope and a better quality of life for many cancer patients. This innovative technology is reshaping cancer care by making it more accessible, less invasive, and more effective than ever before.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is CyberKnife Treatment effective?

Yes, it is highly effective, especially for tumors that are difficult to reach with traditional surgery.

Which cancers can be treated with CyberKnife?

Brain, spine, lung, liver, and prostate cancers are the most common, but it depends on the specific case.

How much does CyberKnife Treatment cost in Bangalore?

The CyberKnife Treatment cost in Bangalore starts from Rs. 3,10,800.

Is CyberKnife treatment painful?

No, CyberKnife treatment is painless. Patients lie comfortably during the procedure, and no anesthesia is required since there are no incisions or invasive techniques used.



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Medicare and Obesity – HealthyWomen



For millions of people living with obesity, the class of weight-loss medications known as GLP-1 agonists have been game-changers (think Wegovy and Zepbound). Studies show that people on these medications can lose more weight than they can with just lifestyle changes alone.

But for one group of Americans — people on Medicare — at least some of these drugs have been off-limits because Medicare is not allowed to cover medications prescribed for the sole purpose of weight loss. With ample evidence that obesity itself increases numerous health risks and new indications that these drugs lower risks of heart disease and stroke, those limits may be changing.

A bipartisan bill, the Treat and Reduce Obesity Act (TROA), moving through Congress would allow Medicare to cover weight-loss medications for the first time.

Experts argue it’s about time.

“The passage of the Treat and Reduce Obesity Act (TROA) is crucial for protecting women’s access to obesity care as they transition to Medicare,” said Fatima Cody Stanford, M.D., M.P.H., M.P.A., associate professor of medicine and pediatrics at Harvard Medical School and obesity medicine physician-scientist in the Massachusetts General Hospital Weight Center.

Stanford explains that TROA improves comprehensive coverage while improving equitable access to care.

“The TROA aims to expand Medicare coverage to include a wider range of obesity treatments, including FDA-approved medications and intensive behavioral therapy. This ensures that women can continue their established treatment regimens without interruption,” she said. “The TROA addresses disparities in healthcare access, ensuring that all women, regardless of their financial situation, can receive the necessary treatments to manage their obesity effectively.”

The costs of obesity

For 31 million women over age 65 (and another 4 million younger women who qualify for Medicare because of long-term disabilities), Medicare’s lack of obesity care coverage creates risks. Approximately 10,000 Americans turn 65 every day, more than half of whom are women. With obesity rates reaching 43% in people over age 60, losing access to obesity treatments can be especially detrimental.

“When women transition from private insurance to Medicare at the age of 65, they often face a significant loss in coverage for obesity treatments,” Stanford said. “When women who have been receiving consistent obesity treatment, including medications, behavioral therapy and nutritional counseling, experience an abrupt halt in their care, this can lead to weight regain and worsening of obesity-related conditions.”

Experts recognize obesity as a chronic medical condition. According to the CDC, 2 out of every 5 American adults are living with obesity. Almost 6 out of 10 of them also have high blood pressure, which raises their risks for heart disease. Nearly 1 out of 4 also have diabetes. Obesity is also known to increase the risks of certain cancers, pregnancy and fertility problems, and mental health issues, among other conditions.

“Obesity is a chronic disease that requires ongoing management,” said Alicia Shelly, M.D., obesity medicine physician. “Without Medicare coverage for obesity treatment, women are at increased risk for serious health issues like heart disease, diabetes and cancer. Long-term support is essential to help prevent these life-threatening conditions.”

Obesity is also a serious economic issue. People with obesity have nearly $2,000 more in annual medical costs than people without obesity. Overall, those costs add up to nearly $173 billion in extra medical costs each year in the U.S.

And that’s just direct medical costs associated with obesity. Add to that lost productivity that results when employees miss work, are less productive at work due to obesity complications, or prematurely die or leave the workforce due to disability. The CDC estimates that obesity-related missed work alone costs between $3.38 and $6.38 billion each year.

TROA is one way to reduce these costs.

“By providing coverage for obesity treatments, the TROA supports preventive health measures, reducing the incidence of obesity-related diseases and lowering long-term healthcare costs,” Stanford said.

In women’s own voices

In a HealthyWomen survey of 1,000 women ages 35 to 64, nearly one-quarter reported having been diagnosed with obesity, and 79% said they were trying to lose weight or lower their BMI. Another 8% of respondents said they are caregiving for someone living with obesity.

Nearly two-thirds of women living with obesity reported dieting or considering doing so, and one in five said they’re taking or considering taking an anti-obesity medication (AOM).

The survey results show that 8 out of 10 women who consult a nutritionist said their insurance covers all or part of those costs, but only 6 out of 10 said the same about insurance coverage for AOMs.

Women living with obesity said that achieving their desired weight would have the biggest positive impact on their physical and mental health, self-confidence, and daily activities. But 11% of survey respondents who reported that they will turn 65 in the next six months (or are caregiving for someone who will) will not have access to AOMs under the current rules. Seven percent of women said they have a plan that will no longer cover their AOM next year or that they’re caring for someone in that situation.

The survey also revealed racial and ethnic health disparities. Nearly one-third of respondents said they have been diagnosed with obesity or would be if they went to a healthcare provider (HCP) who would assess their weight. And Black respondents were twice as likely than Hispanic/Latina respondents to categorize themselves this way.

Insurance status also showed important differences. People on Medicaid, the public insurance program for Americans with lower incomes, were more likely to say they had been diagnosed with obesity (31%) compared with 20% of those with job-based insurance and 17% with other private coverage. Among survey respondents with Medicare coverage, 13% said they care for someone with obesity and 26% are living with obesity.

Fighting for coverage

“The sudden lack of support and resources can have a detrimental effect on mental health, leading to feelings of helplessness, frustration and depression,” Stanford said. “This can further exacerbate the challenges associated with managing obesity.”

Stanford recommends that women transitioning onto Medicare be proactive about their care, such as reviewing various Medicare plan options to find the most comprehensive obesity coverage available and/or adding supplemental coverage (known as Medigap). She also recommends consulting HCPs to plan for the transition in advance and get their help navigating coverage or finding alternative treatments.

“I recommend developing a plan that outlines the available and affordable obesity treatments,” Shelly said. “Currently, Medicare does not cover weight loss medications, so it’s important to prioritize optimizing your nutrition and physical activity to support weight maintenance.”

More broadly, anyone who is or may someday be covered by Medicare can use their voice to advocate for coverage. Write letters to elected officials, call or visit their offices, or even request meetings to express support for TROA.

“Stay informed about legislative changes like the Treat and Reduce Obesity Act and advocate for their passage,” Stanford said. “Engaging with patient advocacy groups can amplify your voice and help drive policy changes.”

This educational resource was created with support from NovoNordisk, a HealthyWomen Corporate Advisory Council member.

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The Facts About Cold Capping



I was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2015, right around the same time the first FDA-approved cold cap came out. I’d heard about the potential hair-saving helmet on the news, and I crossed all my follicles that it could work for me as I prepared to start chemotherapy.

Unfortunately, I wasn’t a candidate for scalp cooling therapy. Back then, the cooling devices were only approved for early-stage breast cancer and less potent types of chemo. I was stage 3 and taking doxorubicin, also known as the “red devil.” So, yeah, pretty potent stuff.

Although I was disappointed that I couldn’t try cold capping to reduce hair loss during chemo, just knowing it was out there made me hopeful for advancements in cancer treatments. Hair loss may seem like a small thing when talking about disease, but it can be really devastating. One recent report cited up to 14% of women won’t consider chemotherapy because of hair loss.

Cold caps don’t work for everyone, and results vary from person to person depending on a lot of different factors. But new research shows using cold caps can help some people keep a good amount of hair during chemo — even people getting the red devil: In one study, 71.4% of people on doxorubicin saw successful hair retention. That’s a hair flip in the right direction.

If you or someone you know is interested in cold caps for chemo-induced hair loss, here’s what you need to know.

What is cold capping?

Cold capping involves wearing a helmet-like device to lower the temperature of the scalp during chemotherapy. The cold temperature decreases blood flow, which can reduce the amount of chemo that reaches the hair follicles and may reduce hair loss for some people.

What are the types of cold caps?

Scalp cooling therapy includes two types of devices:

  • Automated: The insulated cold cap is hooked up to a machine that circulates cooling liquid or gel inside the cap. Once the device is hooked up, the cooling system will keep the temperature where it needs to be. Automated cold caps are regulated by the FDA.
  • Manual: The frozen gel caps are stored in a freezer or with dry ice. Because the gel will start to warm once it’s on the scalp, a new frozen cap will have to be replaced about every 30 minutes. Manual cold caps are not regulated by the FDA.

How do cold caps work?

Both types of cold caps work by reducing the temperature of the scalp before, during and after chemo.

Typically, the person administering the chemo will help set up the automated cold cap machine and make sure the temperature is correct and that the cap is secured tightly around your head.

People using manual caps also need an outside pair of hands to help with the caps, although it doesn’t have to be a nurse — family or friends can help during treatment.

Who can use cold caps?

People with solid tumors (breast, colon, lung, gynecological) can use cold caps to help reduce hair loss during chemo.

Who shouldn’t use cold caps?

Cooling caps are relatively safe overall, but some people with certain health conditions shouldn’t use cold caps.

For example, people with blood cancers like leukemia or lymphoma shouldn’t use cold caps because the restricted blood flow may stop the chemo from getting to where it needs to go.

You also shouldn’t use cold caps if you:

  • Have central nervous system cancer
  • Are getting chemo for a bone marrow transplant
  • Had radiation to the head or will have radiation to the scalp

Cold capping is not recommended for people who have cold-agglutinin disease, cryoglobulinemia and post-traumatic cold dystrophy.

What are the side effects of cold caps?

Cold caps live up to the name, so if you’re sensitive to cold temperatures, you may feel uncomfortable during the sessions. Other side effects of cold capping can include:

  • Dry skin
  • Feelings of claustrophobia when wearing the cap
  • Headache attacks
  • Nausea
  • Cold thermal injury (burn) from manual caps

Do I need a prescription for scalp cooling therapy?

Whether you need a prescription depends on which type of cold cap you want to try. The automated systems require a prescription, and the manual systems do not. Always be sure to ask your healthcare provider before using any type of scalp cooling device.

Is cold capping covered by insurance?

Manual frozen caps are not covered by insurance, but automated cold caps are covered by Medicare and may be covered by other insurance plans.

If you need help paying for the cooling therapy, nonprofit organizations such as HairToStay and The Rapunzel Project may be able to help cover the cost of cold capping.

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The Osteoporosis and Depression Connection



October 20, 2024, is World Osteoporosis Day.

As the old saying goes, sticks and stones may break your bones but neglecting your bone health will hurt you.

If it’s been awhile since you thought about your bones, we get it. Bone health is underrated. But it’s also really important. Let’s put it this way: You can’t do much without a skeleton.

It’s especially important for women and people assigned female at birth to be proactive about bone health because osteoporosis, a disease that makes bones weak and brittle, affects 10 million people in the U.S. and 8 out of 10 of those are women.

The physical consequences of osteoporosis can be life-changing. A simple stretch, bend — even a cough — can result in a fracture or broken bone if you have osteoporosis. In fact, about half of all women over age 50 will break a bone at some point because of the disease.

Beyond breaks, osteoporosis can also have a significant impact on your mental health.

Osteoporosis and depression

In addition to physical problems, osteoporosis has been linked to serious mental health issues. Research shows people with osteoporosis are more likely to have depression compared to people who don’t have osteoporosis. In one 2022 study of mostly women, a majority of participants with osteoporosis had depression (86.9%) compared to 15.4% of the group who didn’t have osteoporosis.

Deborah T. Gold, Ph.D., professor emerita in psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Duke University Medical Center, has studied the connection between osteoporosis and depression for years. “When I started doing the research, we found that people [with osteoporosis] who got a fracture were limited in what they could do. It made them feel old — and it hurt — and that led to depression,” Gold said. “I do think in most cases depression is a result of the disease.”

Gold recalled a time when a study participant started sobbing as she filled out her osteoporosis questionnaire. “It just suggests how strongly it can affect you,” she said.

Watch: What You Need to Know About Osteoporosis >>

Depression and osteoporosis

Some researchers think the connection between osteoporosis and depression can go both ways. As in, depression can also be a risk factor for osteoporosis.

For one, research shows depression can increase cortisol (the stress hormone) in the body, which can lead to bone loss.

Treatment for depression may also affect bone health. Some antidepressants have been linked to an increase in bone loss and greater risk of fracture. One review found serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were associated with a decrease of bone mineral density. And an analysis of 23 studies found that depression was significantly associated with bone loss and an increased risk of fractures.

Gold noted that risk factors such as smoking, sedentary lifestyle and poor diet can also contribute to both depression and osteoporosis.

Postmenopausal osteoporosis and depression

Although osteoporosis is a disease that can happen at any age, people who are postmenopausal are at high risk.

Estrogen — and a lack of estrogen — has an impact on your bones because estrogen plays a big role in maintaining bone structure. During menopause, when estrogen levels decline, your bones become weaker. You’re most at risk for osteoporosis after menopause when estrogen levels stay consistently low.

Fluctuating estrogen levels that occur during the menopausal transition (perimenopause) also have an effect on the brain. In addition to mood changes, research shows a decline in estrogen affects serotonin levels — the feel good hormones — which can lead to depression.

Read: In an Aging America, Osteoporosis Is a Looming Public Health Crisis >>

Prevention and osteoporosis self-care

The connection between depression and osteoporosis is like the chicken or the egg debate. While research is ongoing, it’s a good idea to tell your healthcare provider about your risk factors for both conditions — especially if you’re going through menopause.

“[Osteoporosis and depression] are both diseases, and they both can be treated,” Gold said. “I think, however, that for people without depression now, getting control over osteoporosis will help them avoid depression in the future because osteoporosis makes you feel like you have no control anymore. And that’s the kind of thing that can lead to depression.”

One way to keep osteoporosis at bay is through diet and getting the right amount of calcium and vitamin D. (Note: If you’re taking a calcium supplement, take vitamin D along with it because your body needs vitamin D to absorb calcium.)

Weight-bearing exercise (low-impact aerobics, dancing, walking, etc.) is also crucial for healthy bones and muscle strength. “Some people hate it, but if you understand how much it can help, you might invest in it more,” Gold said. Per science, one review found that exercise was an effective way to improve bone mineral density in people with osteoporosis.

In addition to a healthy diet and exercise, self-care options for osteoporosis can include:

  • Quitting smoking
  • Limiting alcohol
  • Taking prescribed medications for bone health
  • Safeguarding your home to prevent falls
  • Maintaining an active social life

Watch: How to Avoid Falls in Your Home >>

Both osteoporosis and depression should be evaluated separately by different healthcare providers. Talk to your provider about getting a bone density test (DEXA scan) to check your bones and how to get screened for depression if you’ve noticed changes in your mood.

“You know, like any other disease, it’s up to the individual to take responsibility,” Gold said. “And if women don’t take responsibility for themselves and their problems — nobody else will.”

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FAQs About HIV and Pregnancy



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Medically reviewed by Emily Barr, PhD, RN, CPNP-PC, CNM, ACRN, FACNM, FAAN

It might feel overwhelming if you’re living with
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and want to get pregnant. You might wonder if you could pass on the virus to your baby, or if you can keep taking your HIV medications while pregnant. These concerns are valid.

But many women
living with HIV can and do go on to deliver a healthy baby. Every year, 3,500 people living with HIV in the United States give birth.

We’re here to provide some answers that may ease your mind and help you have a conversation with your healthcare provider.

Can I get pregnant if I have HIV?

Yes, you can. But it’s ideal to talk with your HIV specialist before you get pregnant. This can help make sure you’re at your healthiest before getting pregnant, allow for any medication adjustments, and help keep you from transmitting HIV to your baby.

Of course, surprise pregnancies can happen, so if you find out you’re pregnant, let your healthcare provider know as soon as possible.

As long as you are on medications for HIV and your viral load remains undetectable, your chances of transmitting HIV to your baby can be less than 1%. An undetectable viral load means the amount of HIV virus in your blood is so low that a lab test can’t pick up the virus.

Being pregnant at age 35 or older (called advanced maternal age or geriatric pregnancy) comes with certain health risks compared to people under age 35 regardless of your HIV status, including:

The research is limited on those who are living with HIV and are pregnant over age 35, but it is possible that there may be higher risks.

Can I continue HIV medications while pregnant?

Yes, you can and, in fact, you should. It’s important to take HIV medications while pregnant to help protect both your health and the health of your baby. This can greatly reduce the chances of transmitting HIV to your baby.

Don’t skip doses and take your medications at the same time every day to keep your viral load as low as possible.

Many of the medications for HIV are thought to be safe to take when you’re pregnant. But, depending on what you take and how far along you are in your pregnancy, your healthcare provider might suggest you change up some of the HIV medications you’re currently taking if you do become pregnant. It’s important to talk to your healthcare provider to find out what the pros and cons of the possible medications are.

What are the risks to the baby if I’m living with HIV?

Most babies who get HIV, get the virus during delivery. If you’re having a vaginal birth, your healthcare provider may give you medications through an IV (intravenous) line that can lower the chances of transmitting the virus to your baby. If your viral load is high, you might have a cesarean section and get IV medication. This can help decrease the risk of transmission.

HIV can also pass through the placenta and infect the baby in utero. But, if you continue to take your HIV medications as directed throughout your pregnancy, labor and delivery, and give your baby HIV medications for two to six weeks after they’re born, your baby has less than a 1% chance of getting HIV.

Studies have shown that women who are living with HIV are up to two to three times more likely to have pregnancy complications than HIV-negative women. These complications can happen even if the HIV-positive women are taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). Possible complications include:

  • Miscarriage or stillbirth
  • Having a baby who is born with a low birth weight
  • Preterm, or very early, delivery

Can I breastfeed if I have HIV?

You can choose to feed your baby your milk through breastfeeding, chestfeeding or pumping with a greater than 99% chance of not transmitting HIV if you are on HIV medications and your viral load is undetectable. The pros and cons should be discussed with your key family members and your HIV specialist to make the best decision for you and your baby.

If you are on ART, the World Health Organization guidance for breastfeeding is the same as for people who are not living with HIV.

Can I take PrEP while pregnant or breastfeeding?

It is safe to take PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) while you’re pregnant or breastfeeding to prevent HIV transmission. PrEP is safest when taken as a daily pill because PrEP injections aren’t approved in pregnancy.

PrEP is taken by people who don’t have HIV but are at high risk. You might want to take PrEP if you have a partner who is living with HIV, have or have had unprotected sex, or share or have shared needles during injected drug use.

If your partner has HIV, it’s also a good idea to test often because the risk of transmitting the virus to your baby is highest if you get the virus during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.

Will I be considered a high-risk pregnancy and need more doctor appointments?

Yes, your pregnancy will be considered high risk because living with HIV can put you at an increased chance of pregnancy complications, such as miscarriage, stillbirth and low birth weight. And you will have more appointments because you will need to see your HIV team as well as your OB team. Your healthcare team, including your HIV specialists and your OB or midwife, will want to monitor you more closely in order to plan for a healthy birth and avoid complications. They will check routine prenatal labs like your kidney and liver health, iron levels, blood sugar and also how well the HIV medications are working.

You also might be offered certain vaccinations such as influenza, Tdap, RSV, Covid-19, pneumococcal and hepatitis A and B if needed.

We’ve come a long way, and it’s not only possible but likely that your baby will be born without HIV. Talk with your healthcare team about how you can have the healthiest pregnancy possible while living with HIV.

This educational resource was created with support from Merck.

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Tips for Head and Neck Cancer Caregivers



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If you’re caring for someone with head and neck cancer, you may be at a higher risk of caregiver burnout than some other groups of cancer caregivers.

A 2023
study in JAMA Network Open found that caregivers for people suffering from head and neck cancer are at higher risk of their own negative health impacts than caregivers for people with other types of disease. This is likely because of the intense nature of head and neck cancer.

Seth Eisenberg, president at
PAIRS Foundation, who had head and neck cancer himself seven years ago, pointed out that the stress of watching someone go through the challenges of this type of cancer — which often affects eating, breathing and speaking — can be particularly distressing for a caregiver.

The intense burden of the disease can also keep patients from being able to work, and the JAMA study found that patient unemployment increased the odds of caregiver burnout sixfold. That’s likely because the inability to work usually means more caregiving time is necessary and/or the symptoms of the cancer are more severe, both of which can mean a higher caregiving burden.

Disrupted schedules, financial challenges, lack of family support, their own health problems and lowered self-esteem can all contribute to caregiver burnout. And caregiver burnout can lead to serious health impacts for the caregiver, such as anxiety, depression, heart complications, sleep deprivation and fatigue.

Here are 4 tips for self-care when you’re caregiving for someone with head and neck cancer.

1. Ask a medical team for training as soon as possible

Caregiver burnout tends to develop within the first six months of diagnosis and can increase very rapidly. One of the best strategies for dealing with caregiver burnout may be taking steps to prevent it in the first place. If possible, ask a medical team as soon as possible after diagnosis for hands-on training that can help with the caregiving tasks of head and neck cancer.

A 2023 survey in Cancer Nursingof family caregivers of head and neck cancer patients found that getting help with the practical aspects of caregiving with this type of cancer is enormously important. Family members or loved ones are asked to take on tremendously technical nursing tasks such as tracheostomy care, tube feedings and pain management, on top of managing the emotional and mental needs of the patient as well.

Caregiving through head and neck cancer comes with a lot of challenges, but ensuring that you understand the practical basics of the medical care you need to provide can help relieve some of the psychological distress and emotional burden that can make caregiver burnout worse.

2. Talk to an employer about caregiving accommodations

One thing that all research on the caregiving impacts of head and neck cancer points to is the strain on caregivers’ employment. Trying to balance the needs of caregiving with your own employment can be a recipe for fast burnout.

If possible, caregivers should talk to their employers to request any reasonable accommodations or even caregiving leave, especially in the early days of caregiving when the learning curve may be especially steep. Eisenberg also points out that there are specific cancer caregiving grants and financial assistance programs caregivers can apply for that can help relieve some of the financial burden.

3. Set up self-care

It might seem like just another burden on a to-do list, but being intentional about self-care can help soften the impacts of caregiver burnout. While self-care might seem selfish or even a waste of time when you have so much to do, even a small amount of self-care can significantly decrease the risk of health impacts from caregiving.

Self-care doesn’t have to be a huge effort, either. Some examples of self-care include:

  • Daily movement, like exercise or a walk
  • Therapy
  • Counseling
  • Proper nutrition
  • Talking with friends or loved ones
  • Time off to enjoy hobbies
  • Journaling
  • Meditating
  • Scheduling medical check-ups and wellness visits

4. Find support

Again, finding support can feel like yet another task on a caregiver’s to-do list, but it can also make a vital difference in both your mental and physical health. Some resources for finding support include:

  • Asking a social worker for resources
  • Attending virtual or in-person therapy
  • Finding an in-person caregiving support group
  • Leaning on friends and family
  • Looking for online support groups for cancer caregivers
  • Applying for cancer caregiving financial aid or assistance programs
  • Signing up for a local meal delivery program, either community-based or a paid service
  • Using transportation assistance if needed

“Don’t hesitate to ask for help from family members, friends or professional caregivers,” Eisenberg said. “Delegating tasks can reduce the burden and provide caregivers with much-needed respite.”

This educational resource was created with support from Daiichi Sankyo and Merck.

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Consejos para cuidadores de pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello



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Si cuidas a alguien con cáncer de cabeza y cuello, podrías tener un mayor riesgo de agotarse que cuidadores de personas con otros tipos de cáncer.

Un
estudio de 2023 en JAMA Network Open determinó que los cuidadores de personas que padecen cáncer de cabeza y cuello tienen un mayor riesgo de que su propia salud se vea afectada negativamente que cuidadores de personas con otros tipos de cáncer. Esto se debe posiblemente a la naturaleza intensa del cáncer de cabeza y cuello.

Seth Eisenberg, presidente de la
PAIRS Foundation, quien tuvo cáncer de cabeza y cuello hace siete años, dijo que el estrés de ver a alguien enfrentar los desafíos de este tipo de cáncer, que frecuentemente afecta la alimentación, la respiración y el habla, puede ser particularmente perturbador para un cuidador.

Esta carga intensa de la enfermedad también puede hacer que los pacientes no puedan trabajar y el estudio de JAMA determinó que el desempleo de los pacientes sextuplica las posibilidades de que sus cuidadores tengan agotamiento. Esto se debe posiblemente a que la incapacidad para trabajar usualmente implica que se necesita más tiempo de cuidado o que los síntomas de cáncer son más graves y ambos factores pueden implicar una mayor carga de atención.

Factores tales como alteraciones de los horarios, dificultades financieras, falta de apoyo familiar, sus propios problemas médicos y una autoestima reducida pueden contribuir con el agotamiento de los cuidadores. Y el agotamiento puede hacer que el cuidador tenga impactos médicos graves, tales como angustia, depresión, complicaciones cardiacas, privación de sueño y fatiga.

Aquí encontrarás 4 consejos para cuidados personales si cuidas a una persona con cáncer de cabeza y cuello.

1. Pide capacitación a un equipo médico lo antes posible

El agotamiento de los cuidadores tiende a ocurrir los primeros seis meses después del diagnóstico y puede aumentar muy rápidamente. Una de las mejores estrategias para lidiar con el agotamiento de los cuidadores podría ser implementar medidas para prevenirlo. Si es posible, pide a un equipo médico, lo antes posible después del diagnóstico, una capacitación práctica que sea útil en lo que se refiere a las tareas relacionadas con el cuidado de una persona con cáncer de cabeza y cuello.

Una encuesta de 2023 de Cancer Nursing de cuidadores familiares de pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello determinó que obtener ayuda con los aspectos prácticos de los cuidados de este tipo de cáncer es muy importante. Se pide a familiares o seres queridos que asuman tareas de enfermería tremendamente técnicas tales como cuidados para la traqueotomía, alimentación por sonda y alivio del dolor, además de manejar también las necesidades emocionales y mentales del paciente.

Cuidar a personas que padecen cáncer de cabeza y cuello tiene muchos desafíos, pero si te aseguras que entiendes los fundamentos prácticos de la atención médica que debes proporcionar puede ser útil para aliviar el malestar psicológico y la carga emocional que puede empeorar el agotamiento de los cuidadores.

2. Habla con tu empleador acerca de adaptaciones para asistencia

Algo que todas las investigaciones indican sobre los impactos de los cuidados relacionados con el cáncer de cabeza y cuello es el perjuicio laboral de los cuidadores. Tratar de equilibrar las necesidades de la asistencia con las de tu propio empleo puede causar un agotamiento rápido.

Si es posible, los cuidadores deberían hablar con sus empleadores para solicitar cualquier adaptación razonable o incluso permisos para ausentarse para proporcionar asistencia, especialmente en los primeros días de la asistencia cuando se debe aprender mucho. Eisenberg también dice que hay programas de subvenciones de asistencia y de ayuda financiera específicos para cuidadores de pacientes con cáncer a los cuales se puede aplicar y que son útiles para aliviar algunos de los cargos financieros.

3. Implementa cuidados personales

Podría parecer otra carga en una lista de quehaceres, pero establecer intencionalmente cuidados personales puede ser útil para amortiguar el impacto del agotamiento de los cuidadores. Aunque los cuidados personales podrían parecer algo egoísta o un desperdicio de tiempo cuando tienes tantas cosas que hacer, incluso pocos cuidados personales pueden reducir significativamente el riesgo de impactos a la salud por proporcionar asistencia.

Los cuidados personales no tienen que ser un esfuerzo enorme. Algunos ejemplos de cuidados personales incluyen:

  • Movimiento cotidiano, tal como ejercicio o una caminata
  • Terapia
  • Asesoramiento
  • Nutrición apropiada
  • Hablar con amigos o seres queridos
  • Tiempo de descanso para disfrutar pasatiempos
  • Escribir un diario
  • Meditar
  • Programar evaluaciones médicas y consultas para tu bienestar

4. Encuentra apoyo

Encontrar apoyo puede sentirse como otra tarea más en la lista de quehaceres de un cuidador, pero también puede marcar una diferencia vital para tu salud mental y física. Algunos recursos para encontrar apoyo incluyen:

  • Pedir recursos a un trabajador social
  • Asistir a terapias virtuales o presenciales
  • Encontrar un grupo de apoyo presencial para cuidadores
  • Obtener apoyo de amigos y familiares
  • Buscar grupos de apoyo virtuales para cuidadores de pacientes con cáncer
  • Aplicar a programas de asistencia o apoyo financiero para cuidadores de pacientes con cáncer
  • Inscripción en un programa local de entrega de comida, ya sea comunitario o un servicio pagado
  • Usar asistencia de transporte si fuese necesario

“No dudes en pedir ayuda a familiares, amigos o cuidadores profesionales”, dijo Eisenberg. “Delegar tareas puede reducir la carga y eso proporciona un respiro muy necesario a los cuidadores”.

Este recurso educativo se preparó con el apoyo de Daiichi Sankyo y Merck.

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Preguntas frecuentes sobre el VIH y el embarazo



English

Emily Barr, PhD, RN, CPNP-PC, CNM, ACRN, FACNM, FAAN, hizo la revisión médica de este documento

Podría ser abrumador vivir con el
virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y desear embarazarse. Podrías preguntarte si transmitirás el virus a tu bebé o si puedes seguir tomando tus medicamentos contra el VIH mientras estás embarazada. Estas preocupaciones son válidas.

Pero muchas mujeres que
viven con el VIH pueden hacerlo y tienen bebés saludables. Cada año, 3,500 personas que viven con el VIH en Estados Unidos tienen partos.

Aquí encontrarás algunas respuestas que pueden tranquilizarte y que serán útiles para que mantengas conversaciones con tu proveedor de atención médica.

¿Puedo embarazarme si tengo el VIH?

Sí, puedes hacerlo. Pero es ideal hablar con tu especialista del VIH antes de que te embaraces. Esto puede ser útil para que estés lo más saludable posible antes de que te embaraces, para permitir ajustes de los medicamentos y para evitar que transmitas el VIH a tu bebé.

Desde luego, pueden ocurrir embarazos sorpresa, así que si descubres que estás embarazada, avisa a tu proveedor de atención médica lo antes posible.

Mientras estés tomando medicamentos contra el VIH y tu carga viral esté a niveles indetectables, las probabilidades de que transmitas el VIH a tu bebé pueden ser menos que el 1%. Una carga viral indetectable indica que el nivel del virus del VIH en tu sangre es tan bajo que no se puede detectar.

Estar embarazada a los 35 años o más (también conocida como edad materna avanzada o embarazo geriátrico) viene con algunos riesgos médicos en comparación con personas que todavía no tienen 35 años, independientemente de tu condición de VIH, incluyendo:

  • Mayores tasas de abortos espontáneos
  • Mayor riesgo de trastornos genéticos
  • Complicaciones durante el embarazo, tales como presión arterial alta o diabetes

Las investigaciones son limitadas para personas que viven con el VIH y tienen embarazos después de los 35 años, pero es posible que hayan más riesgos.

¿Puedo seguir tomando medicamentos contra el VIH durante el embarazo?

Sí, puedes y, de hecho, deberías hacerlo. Es importante que tomes los medicamentos contra el VIH durante el embarazo porque eso será útil para proteger tu salud y la de tu bebé. Eso puede reducir de manera importante las probabilidades de transmitir el VIH a tu bebé.

No omitas dosis y toma tus medicamentos todos los días a la misma hora para que tu carga viral sea lo más baja posible.

Se considera que muchos medicamentos contra el VIH pueden tomarse en forma segura durante el embarazo. Pero, dependiendo de lo que tomes y en qué etapa estés de tu embarazo, tu proveedor de atención médica podría sugerir que cambies algunos de los medicamentos contra el VIH. Es importante que hables con tu proveedor de atención médica para identificar cuáles son las ventajas y desventajas de los posibles medicamentos.

¿Cuáles son los riesgos para el bebé si vivo con VIH?

La mayoría de bebés que se contagian de VIH, contraen el virus durante el parto. Si tienes un parto vaginal, tu proveedor de atención médica podría proporcionarte medicamentos mediante una línea IV (intravenosa) que puede reducir las probabilidades de que transmitas el virus a tu bebé. Si tu carga viral es alta, podrías verte obligada a tener una cesárea y a recibir medicamentos IV. Esto puede ser útil para reducir el riesgo de una transmisión.

El VIH puede pasar a través de la placenta e infectar al bebé en el útero. Pero, si sigues tomando tus medicamentos contra el VIH tal como se indicó durante tu embarazo, alumbramiento y parto, y proporcionas a tu bebé medicamentos contra el VIH durante dos a seis semanas después del nacimiento, tu bebé tendrá menos de 1% de probabilidades de contraer el VIH.

Estudios han demostrado que mujeres que viven con el VIH tienen dos a tres veces más probabilidades de tener complicaciones durante el embarazo que mujeres que no tienen el VIH. Estas complicaciones pueden ocurrir incluso si mujeres que tienen el VIH están sometiéndose a terapias antirretrovirales (TAR). Las posibles complicaciones incluyen:

  • Aborto espontáneo o parto de un feto muerto
  • Tener un bebé que nace con peso bajo al nacimiento
  • Parto pretérmino o prematuro

¿Puedo amamantar si tengo el VIH?

Puedes optar por alimentar a tu bebé con tu leche mediante lactancia materna o natural o extrayéndola con una bomba con una probabilidad de más del 99% de no transmitir el VIH a tu bebé si estás tomando medicamentos contra el VIH y tu carga viral no puede detectarse. Deberían discutirse las ventajas y desventajas con tus familiares importantes y tu especialista del VIH para que tomes la mejor decisión para ti y tu bebé.

Si te estás sometiendo a una TAR, la pauta de lactancia de la Organización mundial de la salud es la misma que para personas que no viven con el VIH.

¿Puedo tomar PPrE durante el embarazo o la lactancia?

Puedes tomar PPrE (profilaxis previa a la exposición) en forma segura durante el embarazo o la lactancia para prevenir la transmisión del VIH. Lo más seguro es tomar la PPrE como pastillas diarias porque las inyecciones PPrE no están aprobadas durante el embarazo.

La PPrE la toman personas que no tienen el VIH pero que tienen un alto riesgo. Podría ser conveniente que tomes la PPrE si tienes una pareja que vive con el VIH, si tiene o ha tenido sexo sin protección o si comparte o ha compartido jeringas para consumir drogas mediante inyecciones.

Si tu pareja tiene el VIH, también es conveniente que te sometas a pruebas frecuentemente porque el riesgo de transmitir el virus a tu bebé es mayor si contraes el virus durante el embarazo o la lactancia.

¿Se considerará que mi embarazo es de alto riesgo y deberé tener más consultas médicas?

Sí, se considerará que tu embarazo es de alto riesgo porque vivir con el VIH puede incrementar las posibilidades de complicaciones durante el embarazo, tales como abortos espontáneos, partos de fetos muertos y bebés de bajo peso. Y tendrás más consultas porque deberás visitar a tu equipo del VIH y a tu equipo obstétrico. Tu equipo de atención médica, incluyendo tus especialistas del VIH y tu ginecólogo o partera, desearán monitorearte más cuidadosamente para planificar un nacimiento saludable y para evitar complicaciones. Realizarán pruebas prenatales rutinarias de laboratorio de tus riñones, salud hepática, niveles de hierro, niveles de azúcar en la sangre y también de la efectividad de los medicamentos contra el VIH.

Es posible que también te ofrezcan algunas vacunas tales como la de la influenza, del Tdap, del VRS, del Covid-19, neumocócicas y de la hepatitis A y B, si fuese necesario.

Hemos progresado mucho y es probable y muy posible que tu bebé nazca sin el VIH. Habla con tu equipo de atención médica para ver cómo puedes procurar al máximo la salud de tu embarazo si vives con el VIH.

Este recurso educativo se preparó con el apoyo de Merck.

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