How to Heal a Sprained Ankle Overnight: 5 Best Remedies


A sprained ankle can cause a real, huge pain or discomfort, but what if you can increase the healing speed overnight? Though the complete recovery takes time, some effective strategies can help reduce pain and swelling and ease healing while you sleep. This blog will guide you on “How to heal a sprained ankle overnight”? Additionally, we’ll discuss how to prevent it. Read on!

How to Heal a Sprained Ankle Overnight? 5 Overnight Remedies

Though healing a sprained ankle in one night is not completely possible, you can significantly reduce the swelling, pain, and discomfort by adopting the following best approaches:

1. RICE Method

This is the best and most effective method to get relief from a sprained ankle and associated discomfort.

  • Rest: Give rest to your ankle to stabilize your injured area. Do not put weight on your ankle to prevent extra pressure.

  • Ice: The American Academy of Family Physicians recommends applying an ice pack on the injured area for 15-20 minutes to relieve pain and swelling.

  • Compression: Wrap a compression around your sprained ankle to reduce swelling and stabilize the affected joint.

  • Elevation: Elevate your ankle by placing pillows for better fluid drainage and circulation, easing swelling. 

2. Pain Management

  • Over-the-Counter Pain Medicines: Research reports aspirin or ibuprofen as effective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)to reduce pain and swelling. Use the dose as recommended on the label.

  • Topical Creams: Use topical creams or gels as they contain arnica or menthol that helps ease pain and inflammation.

3. Heat Therapy (After 48 Hours)

  • After 48 hours of a sprained ankle, you can use heat therapy to soothe injured muscles and boost circulation.

  • Use a heating pad or a warm towel on the affected area for around 15-20 minutes, particularly if you feel stiffness in your ankle.

4. Stretching

  • Stretching makes the muscles strong and flexible and improves blood circulation, helping with faster recovery.

  • Gently move your ankle in all directions 3 times a day. Flex your foot forward and then backward, or roll it clockwise and then anti-clockwise. Avoid overexertion.

5. Massage

  • Massage can improve the blood flow to the injured area and help soothe pain.

  • So, gently massage the heel and bottom part of the foot. You can also massage just above or around your ankle. Discontinue massaging, if it causes more discomfort. 

How Long Does a Sprained Ankle Take to Recover?

Overnight recovery from a sprained ankle is not fully possible. It typically takes around 1-3 weeks to get relief from a mild sprain, around 3-6 weeks for a moderate sprain, and many months for a serious sprain. The overall healing depends on the severity of the damage. If you don’t experience any relief and notice worsening symptoms, consult with the healthcare providers.

You can learn here in detail: Healing Times for Ankle Sprains & Their Recovery or Types

Effective Tips to Prevent Ankle Sprains

You can follow these tips to prevent the risk of ankle sprains in the future:

  • Properly Warm Up: Always warm up your body before starting the physical activities to effectively prepare your joints and muscles.

  • Strengthen Ankles: Perform exercises like calf raises or resistance band stretches to strengthen the muscles and enhance stability.

  • Improve Balance: Engage in balancing exercises such as using a balance board or standing on one leg to prevent fall risks.

  • Wear Supportive Footwear: Wear footwear with the best arch support, proper fit, and cushioning.

  • Use Ankle Braces: Wear ankle braces while performing high-impact activities or during sports if you are very prone to sprains.

  • Perform Stretching Regularly: Stretch your ankles, calves, and hamstrings regularly to prevent tightness and maintain flexibility.

  • Maintain a Healthy Weight: Excess body weight can put additional pressure on the ankles that can lead to an increased risk of injury.

  • Be Cautious During Sports: Be careful about your ankle movement and avoid high-impact directional shifts while performing physical activities. 

  • Boost Joint Health with Nutrition: Eat collagen-rich foods like bone broth, cooked broccoli, or raw dairy products to strengthen bone health. Additionally, take omega-3 supplements and bromelain to support tissue repair and reduce inflammation. 

When to See a Doctor?

See a doctor for your sprained ankle in case of:

  • severe pain that does not improve with OTC medicine, ice, or rest after a week.

  • unable to bear weight on your ankle.

  • can’t walk because of severe pain.

  • experience severe swelling or bruising.

  • your ankle is warm, red, or severely painful.

  • loss of sensation in your ankle or foot, tingling, or numbness. 

Final Thoughts

So, how to Heal a Sprained Ankle Overnight? Though complete recovery from a sprained strain takes a longer time, following the above-mentioned tips can provide some relief overnight. Rest, ice pack, heat therapy, compression sleeves, elevation, and massage can be helpful in the first 24 hours. For severely sprained ankles that last long and impact your everyday activity, see a doctor for more effective guidance. The providers may suggest physical therapy and surgery (in recurring cases).

Read Also 7 methods to heal a hamstring strain fast

Frequently Asked Questions

Can a sprained ankle heal in 2 days?

While mild sprains may show improvement within two days with the RICE method, complete recovery typically takes longer

Is it okay to walk on a sprained ankle?

Yes, walking can ease recovery when done in the right manner. However, it can make the sprain worse if you stumble while walking.

Should I wrap a sprained ankle overnight?

No, avoid wrapping a sprained ankle overnight as it can interrupt blood circulation while sleeping. Wear it during the day instead.

Do ankle sprains heal on their own?

Yes, mild ankle sprains can heal themselves, however, the time will depend on the severity of the condition.

Is it a sprained ankle or a broken ankle?

Look for visible ankle deformity (signaling a broken ankle), numbness or tingling (indicating a break), or intense pain that prevents weight-bearing (maybe a break).



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The Impact of Regular Health Checkups on Reducing Long-Term Medical Expenses


In today’s fast-paced world, maintaining good health is a challenge many individuals face. With unhealthy lifestyle habits, environmental pollution, and increasing stress levels, the risk of chronic illnesses has skyrocketed. However, one simple yet effective way to mitigate these risks and reduce long-term medical expenses is through regular health checkups. Proactively managing health can prevent minor health issues from escalating into severe conditions that demand costly treatments.

Additionally, leveraging preventive measures like health checkups can complement the benefits of health insurance. By catching potential health problems early, individuals can not only save on medical costs but also maximize the value of their insurance plans. Here’s an in-depth look at how regular health checkups contribute to overall well-being and financial stability.

The Importance of Preventive Health Checkups

Preventive health checkups are not just about detecting existing health problems but also about assessing the risk of future complications. These checkups often include a variety of tests tailored to an individual’s age, gender, and medical history, such as blood tests, cholesterol screenings, and scans.

By prioritizing early detection, individuals can:

  1. Reduce Treatment Costs: Early diagnosis of conditions like diabetes or hypertension enables timely intervention, which is far more affordable than managing advanced stages of these diseases.

  2. Improve Treatment Outcomes: The sooner an illness is identified, the better the prognosis. Preventive care increases the chances of effective treatment and quicker recovery.

  3. Avoid Hospitalization: Regular checkups can help monitor health parameters, reducing the likelihood of severe complications that require hospital stays or surgeries.

How Health Checkups Can Help You Save on Health Insurance Premiums

Health insurance providers often incentivize individuals who prioritize their health. Here are some ways regular health checkups can lead to financial benefits within the framework of insurance:

  1. Lower Risk Profiles: Insurers evaluate risk profiles based on medical history and lifestyle factors. Regular checkups that indicate good health can lead to better premium rates or discounts during policy renewals.

  2. No-Claim Bonuses: Individuals who stay healthy and do not file claims often receive no-claim bonuses. Preventive care helps avoid hospitalizations, enabling policyholders to benefit from these rewards.

  3. Enhanced Coverage Options: Many insurance providers offer policies that include free annual health checkups, motivating individuals to stay proactive about their health.

  4. Tax Benefits: Under Section 80D of the Income Tax Act in India, expenses incurred for preventive health checkups are eligible for tax deductions. This reduces the overall financial burden on families.

Key Components of a Comprehensive Preventive Health Checkup

An effective health checkup should address the following components:

  1. Basic Health Parameters: Routine tests such as blood pressure monitoring, complete blood count (CBC), and fasting blood sugar levels.

  2. Cardiac Health: ECG, stress tests, and cholesterol profiling to assess heart health.

  3. Liver and Kidney Function Tests: To detect any potential organ damage early.Cancer Screenings: Regular tests like mammograms or pap smears for women and prostate screenings for men can detect cancers at an early stage.

  4. Bone Health: Especially for older adults, bone density scans can help identify osteoporosis early.

By investing in these checkups, individuals can safeguard their long-term health and avoid sudden, unexpected expenses.

The Role of Health Insurance in Promoting Preventive Care

Health insurance companies are increasingly emphasizing preventive care as part of their offerings. Plans that include coverage for annual health checkups, wellness programs, and teleconsultations encourage policyholders to adopt healthier lifestyles. Here’s how insurance providers are promoting preventive care:

  1. Cashless Checkups: Many insurers allow policyholders to undergo annual health screenings on a cashless basis, provided they visit network hospitals or diagnostic centers.

  2. Reward Programs: Some companies offer reward points for completing preventive health activities, which can later be redeemed for premium discounts or additional benefits.

  3. Wellness Apps: Insurers have started integrating digital platforms to help individuals track their health metrics, book appointments, and even get personalized fitness plans.

Challenges in Adopting Preventive Care

Despite the benefits, several barriers prevent individuals from undergoing regular health checkups:

  1. Lack of Awareness: Many people are unaware of the advantages of preventive care or the checkups included in their health insurance plans.

  2. Accessibility Issues: In rural or semi-urban areas, the availability of quality diagnostic facilities remains a challenge.

  3. Financial Constraints: Although preventive care saves costs in the long run, the upfront expense of regular checkups can be a deterrent for some.

  4. Cultural Barriers: In certain regions, people may only seek medical care when visibly ill, ignoring preventive measures.

How Technology Can Drive Awareness and Adoption

The advent of technology has revolutionized the healthcare industry, making preventive care more accessible and convenient. Here are a few ways technology is bridging the gap:

  1. Telemedicine Platforms: Virtual consultations allow individuals to discuss health concerns with specialists without needing to travel.

  2. Wearable Devices: Gadgets like fitness trackers monitor vitals, providing real-time data that helps individuals stay informed about their health.

  3. AI-Driven Diagnostics: Artificial intelligence enhances the accuracy of diagnostic tests and identifies risk factors efficiently.

  4. Mobile Health Apps: These apps offer features like reminders for checkups, step tracking, and even health insurance claim assistance, making preventive care seamless.

Actionable Steps for Individuals

To embrace preventive care and reduce long-term medical expenses, consider these steps:

  1. Schedule Regular Checkups: Set a reminder for annual screenings and follow through consistently.

  2. Leverage Health Insurance Benefits: Check your policy for free checkup provisions or wellness programs.

  3. Adopt Healthy Habits: Incorporate exercise, balanced diets, and stress management techniques into your daily routine.

  4. Stay Informed: Keep track of new advancements in preventive care and insurance benefits.

Conclusion

Regular health checkups are a cornerstone of preventive healthcare, offering numerous physical and financial benefits. They enable early detection of illnesses, reduce medical expenses, and promote a better quality of life. When combined with comprehensive health insurance coverage, individuals can achieve peace of mind, knowing they are prepared for any medical contingencies.

Investing in preventive health is not just about saving money; it’s about safeguarding your future. Taking proactive steps today can lead to a healthier and financially secure tomorrow.



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Best Time to Take Lexapro for Anxiety: Get Better Results


Lexapro (escitalopram) is the most commonly prescribed medication to treat anxiety and depression in the U.S.A. If you are also taking this medication, you might be wondering, “When is the best time to take Lexapro for anxiety for maximum relief”? This is a common question, and knowing the timing can make a huge difference in deciding how you feel the entire day. Whether you are struggling with morning anxiety or want a quality sleep at night, understanding the timing can help get the most out of the medicine. Let’s explore the blog and learn about the right timing along with other tips.

Best Time to Take Lexapro for Anxiety

There is no universally best time to take Lexapro (escitalopram) to manage anxiety symptoms; you can take it in the morning as well as in the evening, but once a time. Moreover, be consistent for the better effectiveness of the medications. You can consider these factors when deciding the timing to take the medicine:

  • Individual Preference: You might have personal routines that impact your medicine schedule. Hence, it’s crucial to select the time that basically aligns with your everyday routine and even helps you remember to consistently take the medicine.

  • Symptom Pattern: If you notice more symptoms of anxiety in the morning or evening, adjusting the time might help target those symptoms based on the specific timing.

  • Side Effects: Understanding Lexapro’s possible side effects can also help decide the timing of the medicine. If it causes insomnia (difficulty sleeping), take it in the morning and if it causes drowsiness, the evening might be the suitable time.

Note: Pick the timing that is easy to remember. Taking the medicine at the same time of the day helps maintain the level of the drug in the system. 

Morning vs. Evening: Know the Benefits of Timing

Both morning and evening administration benefits depending on the circumstances of a person:

Benefits of Morning Dose:

  • More Energy Levels: Increased energy and focused mind for the entire day, which is particularly beneficial if you experience anxiety symptoms like difficulty concentrating or fatigue.

  • Improved Mood: Stabilizing emotions helps deal with the challenges and improve the mood for the day.

  • Better Sleep Quality: As the effect of the medication starts decreasing by bedtime, you can take it in the morning if you have insomnia, allowing sound sleep at night.

  • Consistency with everyday Routine: Morning administration is easy to add to your daily routine. This makes it much easier to remember and consistently take the medicine. 

Benefits of Evening Dose:

  • Improved Sleep: Take Lexapro in the evening, if drowsiness is the side effect you experience, making you fall asleep and enjoy quality sleep.

  • Minimized Daytime Drowsiness: If you feel tired in the morning after taking it, you are alert and refreshing the entire day.

  • Consistent Drug Levels: As Lexapro has about 27-32 hours, evening dosing makes sure that its levels remain steady throughout the day, offering consistent relief from symptoms. 

Can You Take Lexapro With Food or Without Food?

You can take Lexapro (escitalopram) with food as well as without food. However, having it with food might help reduce the stomach discomfort if you have any. One clinical study shows that taking Lexapro on an empty stomach can cause nausea for up to 18%, during the initial few weeks. So, if you also feel nauseated after taking the medication, a better option is to have it with food. 

Dosage Guidelines

It’s very important to stick to the recommended dosage of Lexapro to boost its effectiveness and reduce side effects.

Starting Dose:

Maximum Dose:

Note: Maximum dose is prescribed by the doctors if the starting dose doesn’t provide enough relief from the symptoms. A dosage over 20 mg in a day is not advised.

Dose Adjustments

Based on your tolerance level and response, the healthcare providers may adjust the dosage.

Considerations for Special Populations

  • Elderly Patients: For elderly people, the recommended dose of Lexapro is typically 10 mg per day.

  • Patients with Liver Disease: The low dose of 10 mg per day.

  • Patients with Kidney Disease: No dosage adjustment is important for people living with mild to moderate kidney impairment.

What If You Miss Lexapro Dose?

In case you miss or forget to take the medicine, follow these guidelines:

  • Do not take the dose twice to compensate for the missed one.

  • If you missed the dose of the day before bedtime, take it straight away. Continue with the regular dosing schedule the next day.

  • If you remember about the dose late at night or the right next day, don’t take the missed dose and take the dose of that day only.

  • If you often miss doses, set an alarm for a reminder. Also, you can discuss with your pharmacist for tips on helping you remember the time to take the medication. 

How Long to Take Lexapro for Anxiety?

Here’s how long you should take Lexapro to manage the symptoms of anxiety:

  • If you are dealing with the initial episode of anxiety or depression, take it for a defined time, e.g., between 6 months to 1 year. This duration helps the symptoms to stabilize.

  • If you have recurring episodes or chronic anxiety, the doctor may prescribe it for a long period- for several years.

Hence, it is crucial to always follow the recommended dose by the doctor. In addition, never stop it suddenly without their guidance as it can cause withdrawal symptoms and increase the chances of recurring anxiety symptoms. Regular follow-up is important to determine the right duration. 

Potential Side Effects and Timing Adjustments

Be aware of these possible side effects as they will help adjust the timing of the medicine.

Common side effects include:

  • Nausea

  • Dizziness

  • Headache

  • Dry mouth

  • Insomnia or drowsiness

  • Diarrhea

  • Sexual problems

See a doctor if you experience these side effects. They may help adjust the dose.

  • For Anxiousness or Restlessness: The doctors may recommend taking the medication in the morning to avoid feeling anxious or jittery.

  • For Tiredness or Drowsiness: If drowsiness or tiredness throughout the day is a problem, have the medication in the evening.

Severe side effects (rare but possible):

In case of severe side effects, immediately visit the nearest emergency department or call 911.

In case of overdosing (symptoms include increased sweating, gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, large bowel sounds, blurred vision, or dilated pupils), call 1-800-222-1222, poison control center. 

Warnings and Risks

While Lexapro is generally safe, be aware of these potential risks: 

1. Serotonin syndrome

Potentially life-threatening but rare syndrome marked by the excess amount of serotonin in the system. Taking Lexapro and other antidepressants together can raise the risk of high levels of serotonin, developing symptoms like:

  • Rapid heart rate

  • Fever

  • Nausea

  • Hallucination

  • Diarrhea

  • Confusion

  • Sweating

  • Stiffness

  • Muscle spasms

Seek immediate medical help if you experience these symptoms.

2. Withdrawal symptoms

Never stop the use of Lexapro suddenly without consulting the doctor as it can lead to withdrawal symptoms which appear for a few days and slowly subside in one or two weeks. Those symptoms include:

  • Flu-like symptoms, including diarrhea, muscle aches, or tiredness

  • Nausea or vomiting

  • Feeling on edge or anxiety

  • Headache

  • Dizziness

  • Difficulty sleeping

  • Electric shock sensations

3. Risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warns about the “Boxed warning” of Lexapro says it has an increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior in adults, adolescents, and children. So, always monitor the signs of suicidal thoughts and behaviors such as sudden changes in behavior, mood, and feelings when taking the medication.

When to See a Doctor?

Take immediate action, if you or your loved ones experience:

  • New or worsening symptoms such as panic attacks or more anxiety

  • Severe side effects like unusual thoughts or suicidal thoughts

  • Physical symptoms such as dizziness or unexplained heart rate changes

  • Signs of serotonin syndrome like fever, or muscle stiffness

  • Difficulty sleeping or disturbed sleep

  • Unusual bleeding or bruising

  • Sexual issues like low libido or trouble achieving orgasm

  • Signs of overdose such as loss of consciousness, nausea, or vomiting

Final Thoughts

The best time to take Lexapro for anxiety depends on how this medication makes you feel throughout the day and your everyday routine. For some individuals, it works ideally in the morning while for others in the evening. The key is to keep a watch over the response of the medicine and identify the timing that perfectly works for you. If you experience any side effects, regularly speak with your doctor that help adjust your treatment plan.

There is no standard answer, but with consistent timing and appropriate adjustments, Lexapro can efficiently address anxiety symptoms.

Read Also: Find Effective Alternatives to Lexapro for Treating Anxiety

 

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Lexapro energizing or sedating?

Lexapro is neutral, causing no stimulation and sedation. However, some individuals might experience side effects in the initial days of the treatment.

Can Lexapro cause weight gain?

Yes, Lexapro may lead to a small increase in weight. If you notice dramatic or rapid weight gain, see a doctor.

Does Lexapro make you tired and lazy?

Yes, tiredness is the side effect of Lexapro that you experience in the initial few days of the treatment.

How long does Lexapro take to show its effects?

It takes one or two weeks to resolve symptoms like less energy, difficulty sleeping, or low appetite. However, it may take around 6-8 weeks to manage symptoms like depressive feelings.

Is Zoloft more powerful than Lexapro?

No, Zoloft is not much more effective than Lexapro as Lexapro works differently than Zoloft and helps maintain the serotonin levels in the brain.



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Pregnancy and RSV – familydoctor.org


Respiratory synctial virus (RSV) is a common condition that affects a person’s respiratory system. In most cases, RSV causes mild, cold-like symptoms. However, infants and older adults are at higher risk of severe RSV disease and could require hospitalization.

In August 2023, the U.S. Federal Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first RSV vaccine (Abrysvo) for pregnant people to help prevent severe RSV in infants. It also protects the mother from potential illness or complications. Abrysvo is recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Women who are between 32 and 36 weeks of pregnancy are eligible for the single-dose immunization during RSV season, which is typically September through January for most states in the continental United States.

Path to improved health

What could happen if a pregnant woman gets RSV? Can a mom give RSV to her baby?

Yes. Although symptoms from RSV are often mild, pregnant people are at greater risk of illness-related complications, such as preeclampsia or preterm labor. There is also a risk of the mother passing the virus to the fetus through the placenta.

What could happen if my baby gets RSV?

Because infants don’t have a fully developed immune system, they are vulnerable to severe illnesses such as RSV infections. In the United States, the CDC estimates that 58,000 to 80,000 children younger than 5 years old are hospitalized each year due to RSV infection. Possible complications from RSV exposure include lower birth weights and lung disease.

Can mom pass RSV antibody to baby?

Yes. If you are pregnant and receive the RSV vaccine, your body will respond to the immunization by making a protein (called an antibody) to protect against the virus that causes RSV. It takes about 2 weeks to build up the antibody, which will then be passed to the baby. The result of getting the vaccine means your newborn will be protected from RSV at birth when babies are at the highest risk.

How can I prevent RSV during pregnancy?

The only way to prevent RSV during pregnancy is to receive the maternal vaccine. The vaccine is administered as a shot (single dose) into your upper arm.

How effective is the maternal RSV vaccine?

According to the CDC, the maternal RSV vaccine can reduce a baby’s risk of being hospitalized from RSV by 57% in the first 6 months.





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Colds and the Flu | Respiratory Infections During Pregnancy


If you are pregnant, it’s important to take precautions against viral infections. A viral infection is a contagious illness. Most viruses will not hurt your baby. However, some viruses can cause miscarriage or birth defects. A virus can affect your respiratory tract (breathing) and can cause other symptoms. The flu and the common cold are examples of viral infections. Other examples are:

  • Chickenpox (varicella)
  • Fifth disease
  • Cytomegalovirus
  • Rubella (also called German measles)
  • Zika virus
  • COVID-19

Pregnant women can be exposed to people with viral infections. They spread directly through touching, kissing, or sexual activity. You can also get them indirectly, through coughing or sneezing. They can spread through contact with infected surfaces, food, and water. Just being exposed doesn’t mean you will become sick.

Path to improved health

Contact your doctor right away if you are pregnant and exposed to someone who has a viral infection. The doctor will want to know which virus and what type of contact you had. They also may ask about your symptoms.

Here are some questions your doctor may ask:

  • Did you touch or kiss the infected person?
  • How long were you in contact with the infected person?
  • When did the infected person get sick?
  • Did a doctor diagnose the infected person’s illness? Were any tests done?

What if I’m exposed to influenza?

Influenza can be more serious for pregnant women. You may get very sick. However, it hardly ever causes birth defects in the baby. If you are pregnant during flu season (October through March), you should get a flu shot.

What should I do if I’m exposed to chickenpox?

Chickenpox is caused by the varicella virus and is highly contagious. It can be serious during pregnancy. Sometimes, chickenpox can cause birth defects. If you have had chickenpox in the past, it is unlikely you will catch it again. If you have not had it or if you are not sure, see your doctor. Your doctor will test your blood to see if you are immune.

Many people who don’t remember having chickenpox are immune. If your blood test shows that you are not immune, you can take medicines to make your illness less severe and help protect your baby from chickenpox.

What should I do if I’m exposed to fifth disease?

Fifth disease is a common virus in children. About half of all adults are sensitive to fifth disease and can catch it from children.

Children who have fifth disease often get a rash on their body and have cold-like symptoms. Their cheeks may be red and look like they’ve been slapped or pinched. Adults who get fifth disease do not usually have the “slapped cheek” rash. Adults will often have very sore joints.

If you get fifth disease early in your pregnancy, you could have a miscarriage. It also can cause birth defects in your baby, such as severe anemia. Call your doctor if you are exposed to fifth disease. Your doctor may have you take a blood test to see if you’re immune. You also may need an ultrasound exam to see if the baby has been infected.

What if I’m exposed to cytomegalovirus?

Cytomegalovirus usually doesn’t cause any symptoms. This makes it hard to know if you have it. It is the most common infection that can be passed from mother to baby. Cytomegalovirus affects 1 of every 100 pregnant women. It can cause birth defects, such as hearing loss, development disabilities, or even death of the fetus.

It’s important to prevent cytomegalovirus because there is no way to treat it. Women who work in day care centers or a health care setting have the highest risk of getting infected. Pregnant women with these jobs should wash their hands after handling diapers and avoid snuggling or kissing the babies. If you think you’ve been exposed to a person who has cytomegalovirus, see your doctor right away.

What if I’m exposed to rubella?

Since 1969, almost all children have had the rubella vaccine, so it is a rare disease today. At the first prenatal visit, all pregnant women should be tested to see if they are immune to rubella. Women who are not immune should get the vaccine after the baby is born. Talk to your doctor if you are trying to become pregnant. Then you can get the vaccine in advance if you are not immune.

Symptoms of rubella in adults are joint pain and a possible ear infection. The virus can cause severe birth defects or death of the fetus. Talk to your doctor if you have these symptoms or have been exposed.

What if I’m exposed to measles?

Measles (also called rubeola) is a serious respiratory illness that affects the lungs and breathing tubes. It also causes a rash and a fever. It is one of the most contagious diseases there is, and it can be spread to others very easily. In rare cases, it can be deadly. If you are thinking of becoming pregnant or are pregnant, talk to your doctor about a measles vaccination. If you are traveling, you are at a higher risk of getting measles. One person infected by measles can infect 9 out of 10 of their unvaccinated close contacts. Many countries and popular travel destinations have experienced measles outbreaks in recent years. Most were among children who had not received measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. To prevent measles infection and prevent its spread, all U.S. residents should be up to date on their MMR vaccinations, especially prior to international travel regardless of the destination.

What if I’m exposed to Zika virus?

The Zika virus is a travel-related virus that can cause birth defects if a woman is exposed during pregnancy. Zika outbreaks have been reported in South America, Central America, and North America. The virus can cause microcephaly (the baby’s head and brain are smaller than normal. This causes an intellectual disability).

The infection is transmitted through an infected mosquito bite or is passed to a woman through sexual contact. Women who are pregnant or hope to become pregnant should avoid travel to these regions and use a condom during sex if your partner has traveled to the area. Your doctor will tell you how long you must wait before trying to become pregnant if your partner has been exposed to the virus.

Things to consider

Most other viruses do not seem to increase the natural risk for birth defects. This includes viruses such as regular measles, mumps, roseola, mononucleosis, and bronchiolitis. In normal pregnancies, the risk of serious birth defects is 2% to 3%.

To protect yourself from all infectious viruses:

  • Wash your hands frequently, especially after using the restroom or before a meal.
  • Avoid contact with people who are sick, infected or in close contact with others who are.
  • Get a flu shot and other vaccines either before or during pregnancy, as needed.

Contact your doctor right away if you have been exposed to an infected person or have symptoms of a virus. They can provide treatment, if possible, and monitor your baby for signs of infection.

Questions to ask your doctor

  • How do I know if I’ve been exposed to someone infected with a virus?
  • What can I do to prevent exposure?
  • How do I know if I’m immune to certain viruses?
  • When should I get a flu shot?
  • Are there any other vaccines I should get before or during pregnancy?

 

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Copyright © American Academy of Family Physicians

This information provides a general overview and may not apply to everyone. Talk to your family doctor to find out if this information applies to you and to get more information on this subject.





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Guide to Colon Cancer Screening Tests



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Medically reviewed by Ayanna Lewis, M.D.

Getting screened is the best way to lower your risk of colon cancer, a disease that affects 1 in 25 women and is the second-leading cause of cancer death in women under 50.

The good news — particularly for those who really dread the idea of a colonoscopy — is that there are many methods of screening for colon cancer, and some of them can be done from the comfort of your own home. But with all the testing options available, how do you know which one to choose?

Understanding the different types of colon cancer screening may help you figure out which one is best for you.

Why is colon cancer screening so important?

Colon cancer generally takes about 10 years to develop. For most people, it starts when a gene mutation affects one of the cells that line your colon. This mutated cell divides and grows, forming a clump of cells called a polyp.

While many polyps are benign (non-cancerous), some may eventually turn into cancer. Screening helps to find polyps before they have a chance to become cancerous.

It can also spot cancer that has already started in the early stages, when it’s easier to treat. The 5-year survival rate of people with early stage colorectal cancer is around 90% but drops to around 13% if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

The current recommendation is that people with an average risk of colon cancer start screening at age 45.

Are some groups at higher risk?

According to the American Cancer Society, Black people in the United States are 20% more likely to get colorectal cancer — and 40% more likely to die from it — than other racial groups. Genetic differences, lifestyle factors and environmental factors account for some of the disparity, but other reasons include lack of access to healthcare and the lack of ability to pay for healthcare.

Experts are working to help close this gap, organizing community-based efforts, such as the Colorectal Cancer Screening Intervention Program (CCSIP) to raise awareness and make screening more accessible.

What is a colonoscopy, anyway?

A colonoscopy is an outpatient procedure where a doctor uses a tiny video camera attached to a long, flexible tube to check the colon for cancer, as well as polyps and other red flags, such as irritated tissue.

The tube is inserted into the rectum while the patient is sedated, and there is no pain during or after the procedure.

A major benefit of the colonoscopy is that doctors don’t just look for potentially problematic polyps — they can also remove them. And if your results are normal, you won’t need another colonoscopy for 10 years. This is why colonoscopy is considered the “gold standard” for colon cancer detection.

A colonoscopy comes with the same small risks (such as bleeding and infection) as any medical procedure, but the benefits outweigh the potential harm for most patients.

Read: Comic – Meg Gets a Colonoscopy >>

What are the other screening options for colon cancer?

There are a few different screening options that involve using an at-home test kit that look for signs of cancer.

  • The guaiac-based fecal occult blood test (gFOBT) uses a chemical called guaiac to find blood in the stool. You get a test kit from your doctor and use it at home to collect a sample that’s tested in a lab. This test is done once a year.
  • The fecal immunochemical test (FIT) uses antibodies instead of guaiac to detect blood in the stool, but otherwise it’s the same as the gFOBT.
  • The FIT-DNA test, such as Cologuard, (also known as the stool DNA test) is the FIT plus another test that checks for changed DNA in the stool. For this test, an entire bowel movement is collected at home and sent to a lab. It’s done at least every three years.

Blood-based tests for colon cancer, such as Shield, are newer options that can be used by people of average risk.

Another option is a flexible sigmoidoscopy, which is essentially a limited colonoscopy that only checks the rectum and lower third of the colon for polyps or cancer. It’s done every five years.

A procedure called a computed tomography (CT) colonoscopy (or virtual colonoscopy) uses a CT scan to take pictures of the colon, making it less invasive than the traditional colonoscopy. It’s done every five years.

It’s important to note that if any of these screenings come back positive or abnormal, you’ll need a traditional colonoscopy.

But for people who’d just as soon avoid a colonoscopy — or are having a hard time getting an appointment because of a backlog — these screenings are much better than nothing.

Read: We Need to Talk About Colorectal Cancer >>

Which colon cancer screening option is best?

Much like exercise, the “best” colon cancer screening is the one you’ll actually do. You’ll need to take your personal health and insurance situation into consideration, so it’s a good idea to talk through your options with a healthcare provider.

If cost is a concern, the Colorectal Cancer Alliance and Colonoscopy Assist can help you find free or low-cost screenings near you.

This educational resource was created with support from Daiichi Sankyo.

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Why Are Women of Color More at Risk for Lupus?



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As a senior at Florida A&M University, Sharon Harris had been juggling a full course load, three jobs and other demands of college life when she started to feel sick.

She visited the doctor and went to the hospital emergency room for gastrointestinal problems, and healthcare providers (HCPs) thought she might have Crohn’s disease. The medication she received didn’t help, but she powered through to make it to graduation.

When Harris’ mother came to her graduation ceremony, she asked her daughter about the butterfly-like rash on her cheeks and nose. Harris hadn’t noticed, but assumed it was related to stress. She’d ask her HCP in Detroit the next time she went home.

Once home, the provider ordered blood work, which came back positive for markers of
discoid lupus and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Harris said she’ll always remember that day — February 4, 2002 — as the moment her life changed.

Read: FAQs About Lupus >>

Since then, Harris has become a local and national advocate for people with lupus, founding
Lupus Detroit and working with other organizations to support patients through physical, mental and financial difficulties related to the disease. She continues the work despite her own health struggles, including a 2015 stroke and stage 5 kidney failure.

“Lupus is a very serious autoimmune disease that can lead to other autoimmune diseases, and I’ve been diagnosed with additional ones,” Harris said. “A common problem is that there isn’t a single test that can diagnose lupus, and it’s been reported it takes patients
years to get an accurate diagnosis. That’s a long wait when a person’s hair is falling out; their joints and bones are aching; and they’re fatigued, have brain fog and have kidneys that are failing. It takes a toll on a patient’s mental health, finances, body, family life, emotions, work life and social life.”

Why are women of color more likely to get lupus?

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the most common form of lupus, and the general term “lupus” typically refers to SLE. An autoimmune disease, lupus attacks connective tissue in the body, and it can strike every organ system.

Discoid lupus, the diagnosis Harris received, is a type of lupus called
cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE), known mostly for the presence of a “malar rash” or “butterfly rash” on the face. Lupus patients can have both SLE and CLE.

Women make up 9 out of 10 lupus cases, with Black/African American, Native American/Alaska Native and Asian Americans representing 4 out of 10 of the estimated SLE cases in the United States, while Hispanic and Latino patients make up 2 out of 10 cases. Black/African American women with lupus die up to 13 years younger than white women with lupus.

Dr. Joy Buie, M.D., vice president for research with the
Lupus Foundation of America, said there are multiple reasons for high rates of SLE and worse outcomes among people of color.

“When we think about
disparities in general, we have to think about social conditions and the social context in which people live,” Buie said. “We know communities of color have been disenfranchised within the United States, and specifically thinking about Black and African American women, we know those conditions have had negative implications for health. Psychosocial stressors, structural racism, financial disadvantages, economic instability and lack of educational opportunities feed into susceptibility for developing any disease.”

Buie also oversees the foundation’s health equity work, which includes research on lupus and racial health disparities. The foundation cites studies indicating how Black lupus patients were more likely to have negative experiences with healthcare systems, such as
rushed communication and lack of trust in providers, or more difficulty accessing care due to a lack of transportation or insurance or living farther away from specialists. Black people living with lupus were also more likely to lose their jobs after being diagnosed, possibly because of the severity of their disease, which made it harder for them to maintain employment.

While
1 in 5 American women have positive antinuclear antibodies, or ANA — key markers for lupus — not all will develop the disease. Buie cites epigenetics — the way your environment and behavior can affect how your genes work — as having an effect on the development of lupus among women of color.

Lack of sleep, obesity, smoking, viruses and bacteria have also been associated with increased lupus risk, and Buie said some research shows that exposure to
silica, a chemical found in the environment and used in many commercial products like skincare products and cleaners, can be a contributor.

“It’s genetics, it’s hormones, it’s the environment — the intersection of those factors all play a role in developing lupus,” Buie said. “What’s problematic with this disease is that it’s not a visible disease. It’s quite invisible. You can look at a person and not even tell they’re sick. That’s the challenge of living with a disease like lupus.”

As Harris experienced, getting a correct diagnosis can also take time because lupus can show up differently in each individual. One person might have rash and joint inflammation while someone else could have kidney and heart disease. Even after diagnosis, disease management can be challenging if patients don’t have access to the right specialists and treatments as a result of financial concerns, location or lack of education about the disease.

There is hope”

Buie is optimistic, however, that change could be on the horizon. The Lupus Foundation of America recently launched a project to predict who might get lupus to help prevent it in others. Researchers will follow family members of people with lupus over time to see what changes occur and who eventually develops the disease. The data can then be used to identify at-risk individuals and offer lifestyle changes and treatments to help prevent the disease or stop its progression.

As for Harris, she’s worked hard to not let lupus destroy her dreams. In addition to launching Lupus Detroit, she also worked as a public relations director for the Lupus Alliance of America, Michigan Indiana Affiliate. She earned a master’s degree in public policy and hopes to write a book in the future.

Her advocacy has also taken her places she never imagined. During her tenure at the Autoimmune Association, she testified at an FDA hearing about the high cost of lupus medication. She was tickled by a brief moment of fame when she appeared in an article about rapper Snoop Dogg’s daughter, Cori Broadus, who’s also living with lupus.

“An average day for me involves getting physically stronger,” Harris said. “I use my time researching all things autoimmune disease and looking for additional resources. Just because I have a treacherous disease, it doesn’t mean I want to be complacent and rest on my laurels.”

Although Harris is waiting for a kidney transplant, her advocacy and the work of researchers could deliver a brighter future for those with lupus or those at risk.

“Know there is hope,” Buie said. “There are medications approved by the FDA in the last 20 years to treat lupus, and so many more treatments in the pipeline. There’s even conversation about opportunities for a cure. Lupus doesn’t have to be a death sentence, but the key is to get the right healthcare team in place and find ways to take control of your health.”

This educational resource was created with support from GSK, Merck and Novartis.

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COVID-19 Vaccine and Pregnancy – familydoctor.org


If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant and wondering whether the COVID-19 vaccine is safe for you and your baby, the good news is it is. According to scientific data pregnancy increases your risk of a severe COVID-19 infection and complications, including a poor pregnancy outcome, admission to an intensive care unit, or death. Because of this, the benefits of getting a COVID-19 vaccine far outweigh any known or potential risks. COVID-19 vaccination is the best way to protect yourself and your pregnancy from these serious outcomes.

The protection the COVID-19 vaccine offers also reduces the severity of the illness and lessens how sick both mother and baby can become from COVID-19.

COVID-19 vaccines  are proven safe and effective for your baby while breastfeeding. According to the CDC, vaccination during pregnancy builds antibodies that can help protect the baby.  Whether you get the COVID-19 vaccine while you are pregnant or while you are breastfeeding, it passes on protective antibodies to your baby.

The American Academy of Family Physicians joined with other medical professional associations in recommending COVID-19 vaccines for pregnant individuals.

According to their statement, “As the leading organizations representing experts in maternal care … we strongly urge all pregnant individuals— along with recently pregnant, planning to become pregnant, lactating, and other eligible individuals—to be vaccinated against COVID-19.”





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How to Make a Vision Board



It’s a new year and you know what that means: a ton of messaging about a “new” you. Well, for the record, we think you’re fabulous. (And that color looks great on you, BTW.)

But if you’re looking to fire up your fabulousness or craving a change this year, a vision board may help you achieve your goals. According to therapist Lori Gordon-Michaeli, LCSW, a simple collage of images and inspiring words can be a powerful reminder and motivator for success.

“It’s like a big sticky note saying, “This is my goal. This is what I’m working toward” — because life does have a way of getting in the way of our goals and distracting us. And those distractions can really take us off our path,” she said.

Read: Bye-Bye Excuses: How to Move Forward with Your Health and Fitness Goals >>

What is a vision board?

As the name implies, a vision board is a collage of images and words on a board that provide a visual reminder of a goal you want to achieve during a set amount of time. Your goal can be something you want to accomplish in 10 weeks or 10 months or 10 years. The key is to be realistic about the goal and the timing.

From personal relationships to career, travel and health goals, your vision board can represent any realistic objective (spoiler alert: adding photos of Channing Tatum probably won’t make him magically appear on your next blind date — but if he does, you’re welcome!) So, grab a stack of last year’s magazines, your scissors and glue stick and get ready to manifest the Tatum out of 2025.

Here are Gordon-Michaeli’s tips for how to make a vision board and make it work for you.

How to make a vision board

Step 1: Define your goal. You want your goal to be concrete and achievable, which will help set you up for success. If you’re not exactly sure what your goal is, start broad and narrow down your focus. For example, if your goal is to improve your health, how are you going to do that? Maybe that means running a 5K this year.

Step 2: Gather your supplies. Start with a large piece of cardboard or paper that has ample space for you to be creative (think: bigger than a standard piece of paper — but if that’s all you have, go for it. Or use the side of a cardboard box you have lying around.) Gather magazines and glue sticks or tape — whatever you have to secure the images to the board.

Read: What Is Art Therapy and How Can It Help Women? >>

Step 3: Build your board. Your vision board should be something that attracts your eye and your mind, keeps you on point and reminds you of your goal every time you look at it. As you’re gathering images and adding words, ask yourself questions about your goal such as:

  • What’s my timeline?
  • What is my plan?
  • How am I going to execute my plan?
  • What does achieving my goal look like?

It’s important to bring in representation of what success looks like to you. For example, using the 5K again, you can add in an image of a gold medal or the word “victory” to the board.

Step 4: Add sentimental touches. Personal photos of yourself or your family or friends adds another layer of inspiration. These images can represent a happy time or serve as a reminder that you have people cheering you on. Other personal touches like your favorite flower or animal or a favorite saying can also help you connect to your goal.

Step 5: Put the board where you see it often. You want to put your vision board in a place where you can spend a little time in front of it — not just walk past it — like in a home office or the bedroom. Every time you see the vision board, close your eyes and imagine yourself in the place or doing the activity or having the item your board represents.

Vision board goals

In addition to manifesting, vision boards also remind you that you have something to look forward to. So, what happens when you reach the goal? Time for a new board! Channing Tatum won’t be single forever.

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6 Tips for True Self-Care in the New Year



Treat yourself right by getting

A Mammogram

Takes less time than a mani/pedi — and it can save your life

The 5-year survival rate for localized breast cancer that’s caught early is 99%

A Colonoscopy

Not a massage, but you do sleep through it

The 5-year cervical rate for colon cancer that’s detected early is 90%


An annual checkup

Not as calming as a bubble bath, but it can give you peace of mind

An annual checkup can catch health issues early, when they’re easier to treat

A skin check

Not exactly a facial — but it can save your skin

Melanoma has a 99% 5-year survival rate when it’s caught early

An eye exam

Cucumber slices soothe your eyes, but eye exams save them

You can avoid permanent vision damage if you catch certain eye conditions before they get worse

A dental exam

Laughter is the best medicine — so keep your pearly whites in show-off shape

Good oral hygiene can help prevent infections, bad breath, certain medical conditions and tooth loss

Most preventive care must be covered by insurance. But, if any of these preventive care services aren’t covered by your health insurance, look for free and low-cost services in your area.



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